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What is an indictment?

  1. A written warning against a defendant

  2. A formal means of charging a defendant with a crime

  3. A summary of evidence against a defendant

  4. An informal accusation in civil court

The correct answer is: A formal means of charging a defendant with a crime

An indictment is a formal means of charging an individual with a crime, typically handed down by a grand jury. This legal document contains specific charges against the defendant and indicates that there is sufficient evidence to proceed with a trial. The purpose of an indictment is to inform the accused of the allegations they face and to ensure that they have the opportunity to prepare a defense. This process is crucial in criminal proceedings, as it establishes a legal basis for prosecution, allowing the judicial system to maintain integrity and due process. The other options do not accurately capture the nature of an indictment; they suggest either a warning or informal accusation, which are not part of the formal criminal charge process that an indictment represents.